As the device hardware for making bioimpedance measurements at numerous frequencies (swept- frequency) become more common place, the value of your device will become software dependent. A simple literature search or discussion with a knowledgeable investigator will reveal that XiTRON has pioneered and continues to lead the field of Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) for estimating intra and extracellular water (ICW and ECW).

You should purchase your bioimpedance device from XiTRON because they will advance the BIS method and make those advances available to you. All four of the major developments made in the BIS field since the beginning in 1990 have been developed by XiTRON and provided to its customers.

In 1990, XiTRON provided the body composition research community with the first bioimpedance device capable of measurements at numerous frequencies, and with a wide enough frequency range (1kHz-1MHz) to compute the standard Cole model of biological tissue. Soon after, XiTRON provided its customers with the first software for computing the four dimensional nonlinear Cole model. At the same time, XiTRON also provided its customers with software for computing ECW and ICW volume using equations XiTRON developed from Hanai’s mixture theory.

XiTRON was the first to validate the prediction of ECW and ICW using the Cole model and volume equations based on scientific principles. All previous equations in the field were formed by simply statistically fitting equations to the data
without theoretical basis.

The above four developments represent major millstones for the field of human body composition. It means that the correct and powerful BIS analytical methods are no longer limited to basic in vitro biophysics research.

Because of XiTRON’s scientific leadership, most investigators have selected XiTRON’s device and analytical methods for the hundreds of studies that have been published. This is why the Hydra 4200 device was selected over all other devices for the 4th US CDC National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Others may attempt to replicate XiTRON’s intellectual work but they will continue to play catch-up for the foreseeable future. XiTRON’s scientific capabilities have improved exponentially. The Hydra 4200 bioimpedance technology has been licensed world-wide to Fresenius Medical Care (FMC), the world’s largest provider of dialysis products and services. XiTRON’s bioimpedance device technology has not been available publicly since 2003 but it is now and it was worth the wait. Extensive financial and intellectual capital has gone into developing the software and algorithms necessary for XiTRON’s BIS technology to become a practical and useful clinical method.

FMC and the Renal Research Institute (RRI), which is a joint venture between FMC and the Beth Israel Medical Center in N.Y., have taken a leading role in the development of XiTRON’s bioimpedance device technology. A simple literature search in Medline using key words: Levin AND bioimpedance; Kramer AND bioimpedance; and Kraemer AND bioimpedance, will reveal 17 important published papers.

Download the Hydra product brochure (PDF, 3.7MB)

HOT OFF THE PRESS, Very significant clinical paper using XiTRON's Hydra 4200 device:

• Kraemer M, Rode C, Wizemann V. Detection limit of methods to assess fluid status
  changes in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2006 Feb 22; [Epub ahead of print]
  
  

Other important papers to review are as follows:

• De Lorenzo A, Andreoli A, Matthie J, Withers P. Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technological review. J Appl Physiol. 1997 May;82(5):1542-58. Review. Erratum in: J Appl Physiol 1997 Dec;83(6):followi.
  
  
• Matthie J, Zarowitz B, De Lorenzo A, Andreoli A, Katzarski K, Pan G, Withers P. Analytic assessment of the various bioimpedance methods used to estimate body water. J Appl Physiol. 1998 May;84(5):1801-16.
  
  
• Ellis KJ, Shypailo RJ, Wong WW. Measurement of body water by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in a multiethnic pediatric population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Nov;70(5):847-53. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr 2000 Jun;71(6):1618.
  
  
• Earthman CP, Matthie JR, Reid PM, Harper IT, Ravussin E, Howell WH. A comparison of bioimpedance methods for detection of body cell mass change in HIV infection.
  J Appl Physiol. 2000 Mar;88(3):944-56.
  
  
• Matthie JR. Second generation mixture theory equation for estimating intracellular water using bioimpedance spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol. 2005 Aug;99(2):780-1.

To purchase a Hydra 4200 Bioimpedance device or obtain a quote, please contact us at:
sales@xitrontech.com
(Phone) 858-530-8099
(FAX) 858-558-8540

• Why use XiTRON’s Hydra 4200 bioimpedance device?
• Fresenius Medical Care licenses XiTRON’s bioimpedance device technology.
• Renal Research Institute takes leading research role using Hydra 4200 technology
• Hydra 4200 selected for US CDC National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
• Features of the Hydra 4200 bioimpedance device.
• Short history of the bioimpedance field
• Why use Impedance spectroscopy and not one or two frequencies
• Impedance Spectroscopy: The science behind the Hydra 4200 device.
• Selected Published Studies
• Frequently asked questions